THE PLANT AT THE HEART OF TARANAKI WILD
Kawakawa
A remarkable native. Made for everyday care.
Meet the heart-shaped leaf at the heart of our balm. Discover kawakawa’s place in rongoā Māori, its remarkable natural compounds and the inspiration it brings to caring for dry, hardworking skin.
01 / MEET KAWAKAWA
A heart-shaped leaf. A distinctly New Zealand story.
Kawakawa is a native shrub or small tree in the pepper family, Piperaceae. Its glossy, heart-shaped leaves, jointed stems and slender flower spikes make it a familiar presence in coastal and lowland forest. The common mainland form, Piper excelsum subsp. excelsum, is endemic to Aotearoa New Zealand. You may also see its older botanical name, Macropiper excelsum.
It grows through the North Island and into parts of the South Island. In sheltered places it can reach around five metres. Look closely and you will often see small holes in the leaves: evidence of the insects that share its habitat. [1] [8]
02 / HISTORY, RONGOĀ MĀORI & TARANAKI WILD BALM
From Taranaki leaf to everyday essential.
Kawakawa has an important place in rongoā Māori, a tradition of healing that connects people, whenua and the natural world. Historical accounts record leaf and bark preparations used for cuts and wounds, and kawakawa leaves used in therapeutic vapour baths. [2]
At the heart of our balm is Kawakawa-infused olive oil—the healing and soothing core of a formula created to bring comfort to skin that needs extra care. Our extra-virgin, cold-pressed olive oil slowly draws out kawakawa’s naturally occurring compounds, including myristicin and pellitorine. These compounds can assist in calming inflammatory responses, helping bring comfort to irritated skin and the discomfort associated with eczema, psoriasis, dermatitis and skin rashes. Pellitorine’s natural numbing properties could also assist with the sting and itch of insect bites, nettle stings, minor burns and hives. Alongside these botanical compounds, olive oil’s antioxidant constituents and kawakawa’s plant lignans helps defend against free-radical damage and support the skin’s natural repair processes, while the rich oil nourishes cracked heels, dry cuticles and chapped lips.
Certified organic, extra-virgin, cold-pressed coconut oil adds another layer of care, giving the balm its smooth, melting texture and helping soften rough, flaky skin. Rich in lauric acid and medium-chain fatty acids, it brings together nourishing moisture care and compounds studied for their antibacterial and antifungal activity. These properties assist in protecting vulnerable skin—including minor cuts, grazes, scratches and fresh tattoos—while it recovers, alongside appropriate cleansing and aftercare. As the balm warms against your skin, the oils spread smoothly, leaving dry areas feeling softer, replenished and more comfortable.
Certified organic beeswax completes the formula, transforming these nourishing oils into a balm that stays where you need it. It forms a protective layer that helps to reduce transepidermal water loss—the moisture that naturally evaporates from your skin—supporting lasting hydration and suppleness. This barrier also assists in shielding skin from wind, excess wetness and everyday environmental irritants, bringing nourishing care to wind-chapped faces and helping protect the nappy area from moisture-related irritation. Together, these four ingredients offer versatile care across generations: for hands that have worked hard for decades, younger skin exposed to everyday adventures, and the dry, uncomfortable patches that deserve a little extra attention.
The University of Auckland also describes traditional topical use for eczema, boils, bites, stings and grazes. This rich history helps explain why kawakawa remains such a valued plant in New Zealand skincare. [4]
Traditional uses also include preparations for digestive complaints and toothache. Some modern human research has examined kawakawa tea; that is a separate use from our external-use balm.
We respect the knowledge behind these traditions. Modern research adds another perspective—it does not replace rongoā Māori or its cultural context.
Explore our full benefits and everyday uses.
03 / INSIDE THE LEAF
There is more to this leaf than meets the eye.
A 2022 chemical profiling study identified 64 compounds, including isomers, across kawakawa leaf samples. Researchers used analytical techniques that separate compounds and examine their molecular signatures. The result is a richer picture of the natural chemistry held within this distinctive leaf. [3]
THE SCIENTIFIC INTEREST
Pellitorine: a compound worth knowing
Pellitorine was the most abundant compound reported in the University of Auckland’s leaf analysis. Researchers describe its numbing activity and its role in pathways associated with inflammation—possible clues to kawakawa’s traditional pain-relief uses. Pellitorine (numbing) and myristicin (anti-inflammatory) helps relieve deep tissue tension, joint stiffness, and minor rheumatic pain. [1, 2] [4]
PLANT COMPOUNDS
Lignans & flavonoids
Kawakawa’s chemistry includes lignans such as diayangambin and flavonoids such as vitexin. Researchers discuss these compounds in connection with biological activity, including inflammatory pathways. Immunosuppressive lignans. They inhibit pro-inflammatory cytokines, allowing the skin barrier to stay calm so it can retain moisture and heal. Together, they show why the leaf deserves attention beyond a single “active ingredient”. [3] [7]
PHENYLPROPANOIDS
Myristicin & aromatic compounds
Myristicin and elemicin are also reported in kawakawa leaves. They are part of a broader natural mixture whose composition can vary between samples and preparations. Phenylpropanoids that serve as powerful anti-inflammatories. They help reduce swelling and remove toxic inflammatory chemicals (like nitric oxides) from cells to calm red, reactive skin.. [3]
04 / SCIENCE, CLEARLY EXPLAINED
Why kawakawa interests skin researchers.
The most useful science starts with a clear question: which compounds are present, and what do they do? Kawakawa’s traditional use for skin complaints makes its chemistry and potential anti-inflammatory activity especially interesting.
CHEMICAL PROFILING
A leaf with complex natural chemistry
A 2022 study mapped 64 compounds, including isomers, across kawakawa leaf samples. That chemical diversity provides a starting point for investigating the plant’s biological activity and how growing conditions and preparation affect its composition. [3]
LABORATORY RESEARCH
How Kawakawa helps to fight Inflammation
- Active Compounds: Leaves contain myristicin (which provides analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects) and diayangambin (which helps suppress overactive immune responses).
- The "Holey" Leaf Potency: Insect bites from the native looper caterpillar trigger a plant defense response, concentrating medicinal compounds and healing oils around the damaged areas of the leaf.
- Scientific Backing: Modern studies show that kawakawa extracts and teas modulate inflammatory markers (such as IL-6 and IL-8) and regulate key signaling pathways.
A 2014 student research project reported that a water-based kawakawa extract reduced three inflammatory markers in laboratory testing. It is an interesting early finding, not a clinical skin trial or a test of an oil-infused balm. [5]
05 / LIFE IN THE LEAVES
Small holes. A remarkable story.
Look closely at a kawakawa leaf and you will often find a constellation of tiny holes. Finding these chewed leaves is a natural sign of a thriving, balanced native ecosystem. These distinctive marks are commonly left by the caterpillars of the native kawakawa looper moth, Cleora scriptaria. They tell a story of a living plant, native wildlife and the forest they share. [8]
Meaning and Significance in Rongoā
- Higher Potency: Traditional knowledge holds that leaves targeted by the caterpillar carry a tohu (sign) indicating higher concentrations of the plant's medicinal, peppery defensive oils.
- Plant Defense: When insects browse and chew the foliage, the plant responds by flooding the surviving tissue with concentrated bioactive properties, making the holey leaves preferable for healing teas, balms, and poultices. [1, 2, 3]
06 / A BALM FOR EVERY APPLICATION
Every generation. Everyday comfort.
From younger skin to mature skin, everyone deserves a little everyday comfort. Whether it’s hands that have worked hard for decades, dry skin after outdoor adventures or lips feeling the bite of winter, our Kawakawa Balm brings rich, nourishing care to the places that need it most.
Kawakawa is our hero ingredient, brought together with extra-virgin, cold-pressed olive oil, certified organic extra-virgin, cold-pressed coconut oil and certified organic beeswax. Four carefully chosen ingredients that work together to soften, nourish and help protect against moisture loss.
- Hardworking hands, young and old: softens rough, dry skin—from tradies and farmers to gardeners and hunters, and hands that have spent a lifetime doing.
- Dry, mature skin: rich, replenishing care that helps soften rough patches, maintain suppleness and ease the feeling of dryness and tightness.
- Chapped lips: nourishes dry-feeling lips and leaves a comforting protective layer—an everyday essential for changing seasons.
- Dry heels, elbows and knees: targeted care for those easily overlooked areas, helping skin feel smoother and more comfortable.
- Everyday moisture protection: our water-free blend of oils and beeswax forms a protective barrier that helps keep moisture where it belongs—in your skin.
One balm. Everyday care. Across generations.
Meet the full formula on our ingredients page.
Your kawakawa questions, answered.
What is kawakawa?
Kawakawa is a native New Zealand plant in the pepper family, known for its heart-shaped leaves. Its botanical name is Piper excelsum; older references often use Macropiper excelsum.
Is kawakawa the same as kava?
No. Kawakawa (Piper excelsum) and kava (Piper methysticum) are different species in the same plant family. They have different chemistry and uses.
Why is kawakawa called a pepper tree?
It belongs to Piperaceae, the pepper family, and its leaves have a characteristic peppery quality. It is related to black pepper, but it is a different plant.
How often should I apply the balm?
Apply generously to dry areas and reapply as often as your skin needs. After washing your hands, after time outdoors or whenever skin feels dry are useful moments to reach for your tin.
Can I grow kawakawa at home?
It favours a sheltered position with dappled light and moist, free-draining soil. Protect it from frost. A locally grown nursery plant is a practical starting point; ask the nursery about conditions in your area.
How should kawakawa be gathered?
Seek permission before gathering on land you do not own, respect local tikanga and take care of the plant and its habitat. Leave plenty of growth for the plant and the wildlife it supports. Learn from knowledgeable local practitioners rather than relying on a brief online guide.
READ FURTHER
Explore the sources
- NZ Plant Conservation Network — Piper excelsum subsp. excelsum
- Te Ara — Rongoā: common medicinal plants
- Jayaprakash et al. (2022) — Exploring the Chemical Space of Kawakawa Leaf
- University of Auckland (2023) — Scientists explore kawakawa’s healing properties
- Ryan (2014) — Kawakawa Extracts Demonstrate Anti-Inflammatory Activity; student research abstract
- Hodge, Barron & Wratten (2000) — Induced defences in kawakawa
- Tautuiaki et al. (2024) — Anti-inflammatory effects of kawakawa; background on leaf constituents
- Manaaki Whenua — Kawakawa looper, Cleora scriptaria
Selected sources reviewed October 2026. These references distinguish traditional uses, plant chemistry and early research; they are not clinical testing of Taranaki Wild balm. Taranaki Wild is not affiliated with the institutions cited.